Ngowuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-TIG (DC) kunye ne-TIG (AC)?

I-TIG (DC) ye-welding yangoku ngokuthe ngqo kuxa i-current igeleza kwicala elinye kuphela.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-AC (Alternating Current) i-TIG welding yangoku xa ihambayo ayiyi kuya kwi-zero de i-welding iphelile.Ngokubanzi abaguquli be-TIG baya kukwazi ukuwelda nokuba yi-DC okanye i-AC/DC yokuwelda ngoomatshini abambalwa kakhulu ibe yi-AC kuphela.

I-DC isetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-TIG Mild Steel/Stainless material kunye ne-AC iya kusetyenziselwa ukuwelda iAluminium.

I-Polarity

Inkqubo ye-welding ye-TIG ineendlela ezintathu zokukhetha i-welding yangoku ngokusekelwe kuhlobo loqhagamshelwano.Indlela nganye yoqhagamshelwano ineengenelo kunye nezingeloncedo zombini.

Ngqo ngoku-Electrode Negative (DCEN)

Le ndlela ye-welding ingasetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto.I-TIG ye-welding torch ixhunywe kwisiphumo esibi se-welding inverter kunye nekhebula lokubuyisela umsebenzi kwisiphumo esihle.

Xa i-arc isekiwe ukuhamba kwangoku kwisiphaluka kunye nokusabalalisa ubushushu kwi-arc malunga ne-33% kwicala elibi le-arc (i-torch ye-welding) kunye ne-67% kwicala elihle le-arc (umsebenzi womsebenzi).

Le bhalansi inika ukungena okunzulu kwe-arc kwi-arc kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukushisa kwi-electrode.

Oku kuncitshiswa kobushushu kwi-electrode kuvumela ukuba ngaphezulu okwangoku kuthwalwe ngama-electrode amancinci xa kuthelekiswa nolunye unxibelelwano lwe-polarity.Le ndlela yokudibanisa idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-polarity ethe tye kwaye lolona xhulumaniso luxhaphakileyo lusetyenziswa kwi-DC welding.

Ngqo ngoku – Electrode Positive (DCEP)

Xa i-welding kule mode i-TIG ye-welding torch ixhunywe kwimveliso emihle ye-inverter ye-welding kunye nekhebula lokubuyisela umsebenzi kwisiphumo esibi.

Xa i-arc isekiwe ukuhamba kwangoku kwisekethe kunye nokusabalalisa ubushushu kwi-arc malunga ne-33% kwicala elibi le-arc (umsebenzi womsebenzi) kunye ne-67% kwicala elihle le-arc (itotshi ye-welding).

Oku kuthetha ukuba i-electrode ixhomekeke kumazinga aphezulu okushisa kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka ibe mkhulu kakhulu kunemo ye-DCEN naxa i-current iphantsi kakhulu ukukhusela i-electrode overheating okanye ukunyibilika.Umsebenzi owenziweyo uphantsi kwinqanaba lobushushu elisezantsi ukuze ukungena kwe-weld kungabi nzulu.

 

Le ndlela yokudibanisa idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-reverse polarity.

Kwakhona, ngale modi iimpembelelo zamandla kazibuthe zingakhokelela ekungazinzini kunye nento eyaziwa ngokuba yi-arc blow apho i-arc inokuzulazula phakathi kwezinto eziza kuxutywa.Oku kunokwenzeka nakwimo ye-DCEN kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwimo ye-DCEP.

Kunokubuzwa ukuba yintoni ukusetyenziswa kwale mowudi xa i-welding.Isizathu kukuba ezinye izinto non ferrous ezifana aluminiyam kwi exposure yesiqhelo kwi-atmosfera zenza ioksidi phezu komhlaba.Le oxide idalwe ngenxa yokusabela ioksijini emoyeni kunye izinto ezifana umhlwa phezu intsimbi.Nangona kunjalo le oxide inzima kakhulu kwaye inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyibilika kuneyona nto isisiseko kwaye ngoko kufuneka isuswe ngaphambi kokuba i-welding iqhutywe.

I-oxide inokususwa ngokusila, ukuxubha okanye ukucocwa kweekhemikhali kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba inkqubo yokucoca iphelile i-oxide iqala ukwenza kwakhona.Ke ngoko, iya kucocwa ngexesha le-welding.Esi siphumo senzeke xa i-current flowing kwimo ye-DCEP xa ukuhamba kwe-electron kuya kuphuka kwaye kususe i-oxide.Ngoko ke kunokucingelwa ukuba i-DCEP iya kuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokudibanisa ezi zinto kunye nolu hlobo lwe-coating oxide.Ngelishwa ngenxa yokuvezwa kwe-electrode kumanqanaba aphezulu obushushu kule modi ubungakanani be-electrode buya kuba bukhulu kwaye ukungena kwe-arc kuya kuba sezantsi.

Isisombululo sezi ntlobo zemathiriyeli iya kuba yi-arc enzulu yokungena yemowudi ye-DCEN kunye nokucocwa kwemo ye-DCEP.Ukufumana ezi zibonelelo ze-AC welding mode isetyenziswa.

Ukutshintshana kwangoku (AC) Ukuwelda

Xa i-welding ikwimo ye-AC i-current inikezelwa yi-inverter ye-welding isebenza kunye nezinto ezintle kunye nezibi okanye imijikelo yesiqingatha.Oku kuthetha ukuba umsinga uhamba ngendlela enye kwaye enye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngoko ke kusetyenziswe igama elithi alternating current.Indibaniselwano yento enye evumayo kunye nenye engalunganga ibizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo omnye.

Inani lamaxesha umjikelo ugqitywe kwisekondi enye ubizwa ngokuba ngamaza.E-UK ukuphindaphindwa kokutshintshana kwangoku okunikezelwayo kwinethiwekhi ye-mains yi-50 imijikelezo ngesekhondi kwaye ichazwa njenge-50 Hertz (Hz)

Oku kuya kuthetha ukuba okwangoku utshintsha amaxesha angama-100 umzuzwana ngamnye.Inani lemijikelo ngesekhondi (i-frequency) kumatshini oqhelekileyo lilawulwa yi-frequency mains e-UK yi-50Hz.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba njengoko ukuphindaphinda kunyuka iziphumo zemagneti zonyuka kwaye izinto ezinjengeenguqu ziye zisebenza ngakumbi.Kwakhona ukwandisa i-frequency ye-welding yangoku iqinisa i-arc, iphucula ukuzinza kwe-arc kwaye ikhokelela kwimeko yokulawula i-welding.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyingcingane njengoko xa i-welding kwimodi ye-TIG kukho ezinye iimpembelelo kwi-arc.

I-AC sine wave inokuchatshazelwa kukugquma kweoxide yezinye izinto ezisebenza njengesilungisi esithintela ukuhamba kwe-electron.Oku kwaziwa njengolungiso lwe-arc kwaye isiphumo sakho sibangela ukuba umjikelo wesiqingatha esilungileyo unqunyulwe okanye ujike.Isiphumo se-weld zone yimeko ye-arc ephosakeleyo, ukungabikho kwesenzo sokucoca kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka we-tungsten.

Ukulungiswa kwe-arc yomjikelo wesiqingatha esilungileyo

Ukutshintshana kwangoku (AC) iifom zamaza

I-Sine Wave

Iliza le-sinusoidal liqulathe into elungileyo eyakhayo ukuya kubukhulu bayo ukusuka ku-zero phambi kokuba ibuyele ku-zero (idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yinduli).

Njengoko inqumla ku-zero kwaye indlela yangoku itshintsha indlela ukuya kwixabiso layo eliphezulu elibi phambi kokuba linyuke liye ku-zero (elihlala libizwa ngokuba yintlambo) umjikelo omnye ugqityiwe.

Uninzi lweendlela zakudala ze-TIG zokuwelda yayingoomatshini bohlobo lwe-sine wave.Ngophuhliso lwee-inverters ze-welding zangoku ezinobuxhaka-xhaka be-elektroniki obukhulayo beza uphuhliso kulawulo kunye nokubunjwa kwe-AC waveform esetyenziselwa ukuwelda.

I-Square Wave

Ngophuhliso lwe-AC/DC i-TIG ye-welding inverters ukubandakanya ngakumbi i-electronics isizukulwana soomatshini be-square wave yaphuhliswa.Ngenxa yolu lawulo lwe-elektroniki ukuwela ukusuka kwi-positive ukuya kwi-negative kwaye ngokuphambeneyo kunokwenziwa phantse ngephanyazo nto leyo ekhokelela kumbane osebenzayo ngakumbi kumjikelo wesiqingatha ngasinye ngenxa yexesha elide kubuninzi.

 

Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwamandla emagnethi agciniweyo kudala iifom zamaza ezikufutshane kakhulu kwisikwere.Ulawulo lwemithombo yokuqala yamandla e-elektroniki luvumele ulawulo lwe-'square wave'.Inkqubo iya kuvumela ulawulo lwesiqingatha semijikelo elungileyo (yokucoca) kunye nebi (ukungena).

Imeko yebhalansi iyakulingana + imijikelo yesiqingatha esilungileyo kunye nembi enika imeko ye-weld ezinzileyo.

Iingxaki ezinokuthi zihlangabezane nazo kukuba xa ukucoca kwenzeke kwixesha elingaphantsi kwexesha lesiqingatha esilungileyo ke enye yesiqingatha esihle somjikelezo ayivelisi kwaye inokunyusa umonakalo onokuthi ube khona kwi-electrode ngenxa yokushisa.Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lomatshini luya kuba nolawulo lokulinganisela oluvumela ixesha lomjikelo wesiqingatha esilungileyo ukuba lihluke ngaphakathi kwexesha lomjikelo.

 

Ukungena okuphezulu

Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokubeka ulawulo kwindawo eya kwenza ukuba ixesha elininzi lichithwe kumjikelo wesiqingatha esibi ngokumalunga nomjikelo wesiqingatha esivumayo.Oku kuya kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwangoku okuphezulu kunye nee-electrode ezincinci njengokungaphezulu

Ubushushu bukwi-positive (umsebenzi).Ukunyuka kobushushu kukhokelela ekungeneni okunzulu xa u-welding kwisantya sokuhamba esifana nesimo esilinganisiweyo.
Ubushushu obuncitshisiweyo bommandla ochaphazelekayo kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci ngenxa ye-arc encinci.

 

Ukucoca okuphezulu

​Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokubeka ulawulo kwindawo eya kwenza ukuba ixesha elingakumbi lichithwe kumjikelo wesiqingatha esivumayo ngokubhekiselele kumjikelo wesiqingatha esibi.Oku kuya kuvumela ukucoca okusebenzayo okwangoku ukuba kusetyenziswe.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ixesha elifanelekileyo lokucoca emva koko ukucocwa ngakumbi akuyi kwenzeka kwaye amandla omonakalo kwi-electrode mkhulu.Isiphumo kwi-arc kukubonelela ngedama le-weld elibanzi elicocekileyo elinokungena okunganzulwanga.